Chlorella - Chlorella Vulgaris

There are 59 good studies at Chlorella. Here's a selection:
Abstracts with Chlorella Research

2014
Chlorella supplementation detoxifies heterocyclic amines in young Korean adults.
Abstract Title:
Detoxification of chlorella supplement on heterocyclic amines in Korean young adults.
Abstract Source:
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Jan ;39(1):441-6. Epub 2014 Dec 3. PMID: 25590673
Abstract Author(s):
Inyeong Lee, Minhphuong Tran, Theresa Evans-Nguyen, Dawn Stickle, Soyeon Kim, Jaegab Han, Jong Y Park, Mihi Yang
Article Affiliation:
Inyeong Lee
Abstract:
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been established as carcinogenic chemicals in Western diet. This study was performed to estimate HCA exposure levels in Korean daily life and to assess the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to detoxify carcinogenic HCAs in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with chlorella supplement (N=6, all females, age: 27.17±7.73yr) for 2 weeks. We analyzed HCAs in hydrolyzed urine specimens using LC/TOF-MS. As results, urinary levels of MeIQx, PhIP, and IQx-8-COOH were 323.36±220.11ng/L, 351.59±254.93ng/L, and 130.85±83.22ng/L, respectively. Effects of chlorella to reduce urinary MeIQx were marginally significant(before, 430±226.86pg/mL vs. after, 174.45±101.65pg/mL: 0.05
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Chlorella (Algae) : CK(228) : AC(49)
Diseases : Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine Induced Toxicity : CK(15) : AC(6)
Pharmacological Actions : Chemopreventive : CK(2835) : AC(787), Detoxifier : CK(408) : AC(131)
Additional Keywords : Detoxification, Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(3038) : AC(366)
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2015
Vitamin B12 in chlorella is bioavailable and dietary supplementation is a natural way for vegetarians and vegans to get the vitamin B12 they need.
Abstract Title:
Nutritional Supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa Lowers Serum Methylmalonic Acid in Vegans and Vegetarians with a Suspected Vitamin B12 Deficiency.
Abstract Source:
J Med Food. 2015 Oct 20. Epub 2015 Oct 20. PMID: 26485478
Abstract Author(s):
Randall Edward Merchant, Todd W Phillips, Jay Udani
Article Affiliation:
Randall Edward Merchant
Abstract:
Since vitamin B12 occurs in substantial amounts only in foods derived from animals, vegetarians and particularly vegans are at risk of developing deficiencies of this essential vitamin. The chlorella used for this study is a commercially available whole-food supplement, which is believed to contain the physiologically active form of the vitamin. This exploratory open-label study was performed to determine if adding 9 g of Chlorella pyrenoidosa daily could help mitigate a vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarians and vegans. Seventeen vegan or vegetarian adults (26-57 years of age) with a known vitamin B12 deficiency, as evidenced by a baseline serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) level above 270 nmol/L at screening,but who otherwise appeared healthy were enrolled in the study. Each participant added 9 g of C. pyrenoidosa to their daily diet for 60 ± 5 days and their serum MMA, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy) levels as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) were measured at 30 and 60 days from baseline. After 30 and 60 days, the serum MMA level fell significantly (P < .05) by an average ∼34%. Fifteen of the 17 (88%) subjects showed at least a 10% drop in MMA. At the same time, Hcy trended downward and serum vitamin B12 trended upward, while MCV, Hgb, and Hct appeared unchanged. The results of this work suggest that the vitamin B12 in chlorella is bioavailable and such dietary supplementation is a natural way for vegetarians and vegans to get the vitamin B12 they need.
Article Published Date : Oct 19, 2015
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Chlorella (Algae) : CK(228) : AC(49)
Diseases : Vitamin B 12 Deficiency : CK(301) : AC(46)
Therapeutic Actions : Dietary Modification: Vegetarian : CK(226) : AC(25)
Additional Keywords : Supplementation : CK(413) : AC(60)

2016
C. vulgaris possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity and could be a potential anti-inflammatory agent of natural origin.
Abstract Title:
Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Mediators and Cytokines by Chlorella Vulgaris Extracts.
Abstract Source:
Pharmacognosy Res. 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):118-22. PMID: 27034602
Abstract Author(s):
G Sibi, Santa Rabina
Article Affiliation:
G Sibi
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of solvent fractions from Chlorella vulgaris by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
METHODS: Methanolic extracts (80%) of C. vulgaris were prepared and partitioned with solvents of increasing polarity viz., n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, and water. Various concentrations of the fractions were tested for cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the concentrations inducing cell growth inhibition by about 50% (IC50) were chosen for further studies. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were treated with varying concentrations of C. vulgaris fractions and examined for its effects on nitric oxide (NO) production by Griess assay. The release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Celecoxib and polymyxin B as positive controls.
RESULTS: MTT assay revealed all the solvent fractions that inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Of all the extracts, 80% methanolic extract exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production (P<0.01), PGE2 (P<0.05), TNF-α, and IL-6 (P<0.001) release in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. Both hexane and chloroform fractions recorded a significant (P<0.05) and dose-dependent inhibition of LPS induced inflammatory mediators and cytokines in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts was not significant in the study.
CONCLUSION: The significant inhibition of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by fractions from C. vulgaris suggests that this microalga would be a potential source of developing anti-inflammatory agents and a good alternate for conventional steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
SUMMARY: C. vulgaris extracts have potential anti-inflammatory activitySolvent extraction using methanol, hexane, and chloroform has exhibited significant effect in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cellsC. vulgaris extracts reduce the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells. Abbreviations Used: COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, IL-6: Interleukin 6, iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase,
L-NMMA: NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, NO: Nitric oxide, PBS: Phosphate buffered saline, PGE2: Prostaglandin E2, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.
Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2016
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Additional Links
Substances : Chlorella (Algae) : CK(228) : AC(49)
Diseases : Inflammation : CK(3240) : AC(882)
Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(4861) : AC(1630), Interleukin-6 Downregulation : CK(1137) : AC(354), Nitric Oxide Inhibitor : CK(223) : AC(108), Prostaglandin PGE2 downregulation : CK(96) : AC(46), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor : CK(1823) : AC(669)
Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(7645) : AC(2539)

More links :
https://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/chlorella-algae
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=chlorella+vulgaris
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=chlorella

PubMed
PubMed comprises more than 28 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.
In PubMed
There are 5959 on Chlorella.
There are 1807 on C.Vulgaris 

76 Diseases Researched for Chlorella
Hypertension322
Depression220
Dioxin Toxicity212
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency212
Anemia110
Anxiety Disorders110
Arterial Hardening: Elasticity110
Depressive Disorder110
Edema110
Fibromyalgia110
Hepatitis C110
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine Induced Toxicity110
Human Influenza110
Hypertension: Pre-Eclampsia Induced110
Influenza in Humans110
Influenza: Human110
Low Immune Function: Exercise-Induced110
Menopausal Syndrome110
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)110
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) toxicity110
Postmenopausal Disorders110
Pre-Eclampsia110
Pregnancy Complications110
Proteinuria110
Salivary SIgA Secretion: Reduced110
Spinal Cord Inflammation110
Spinal Cord Injuries110
Weight Problems110
Chemically-Induced Liver Damage24
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 124
Oxidative Stress34
Hyperlipidemia23
Inflammation23
Liver Cancer23
Allergy: Cow's Milk12
Arteriosclerosis12
Atopic Dermatitis12
Biliary Obstruction12
Bone Marrow Suppression12
Breast Cancer12
C-Reactive Protein12
Cadmium Poisoning12
Cerebral Stroke12
Diabetes: Cataract12
Dyslipidemias12
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes12
Endotoxemia12
Fructose-Induced Toxicity12
Gastric Ulcer12
Hypercholesterolemia12
Hypothermia12
Immune Dysregulation: TH1/TH2 imbalance12
Insulin Resistance12
Lead Poisoning12
Listeria Infections12
Liver Damage12
Liver Disease12
Low Immune Function: Natural Killer Cells12
Malnourishment12
Mercury Poisoning12
Neutropenia12
Neutropenia: Cyclic12
Papilloma12
Peptic Ulcer12
Prenatal Chemical Exposures12
Prenatal Nutrition: Learning/Intelligence of Offspring12
Radiation-Induced Illness: Strontium 9012
Short Bowel Syndrome12
Stroke: Prevention12
Ulcer: Stress-Induced12
Advanced Glycation End products (AGE)11
Aging11
Cancers: All11
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease11
DNA damage11
Hyperglycemia11

42 Pharmacological Actions Researched for Chlorella
Antidepressive Agents220
Detoxifier220
Anti-Inflammatory Agents415
Hypotensive212
Immunostimulatory212
Insulin Sensitizers212
Chemopreventive211
Anti-Anxiety Agents110
Antiviral Agents110
Immunomodulatory110
Interleukin-1 beta upregulation110
Interleukin-12 upregulation110
MicroRNA modulator110
Nitric Oxide Enhancer110
Antioxidants35
Apoptotic35
Hepatoprotective24
Antiproliferative23
Anticholesteremic Agents12
Antineoplastic Agents12
Cardioprotective12
Catalase Up-Regulation12
Cell cycle arrest12
Detoxifier: Radionuclide Removal12
Glutathione Upregulation12
Hematopoietic12
Interleukin-1 alpha upregulation12
Interleukin-1 beta downregulation12
Interleukin-4 downregulation12
Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation12
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Upregulation12
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors12
Bcl-2 protein down-regulation11
Genoprotective11
Hypoglycemic Agents11
Hypolipidemic11
Interleukin-6 Downregulation11
Nitric Oxide Inhibitor11
Prostaglandin PGE2 downregulation11
Telomerase Upregulation11
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor11
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Upregulation11